Molecular Diversity of Anesthetic Actions Is Evident in Electroencephalogram Effects in Humans and Animals

Anesthetic agents cause unique electroencephalogram (EEG) activity resulting from actions on their diverse molecular targets. Typically to produce balanced anesthesia in the clinical setting, several anesthetic and adjuvant are combined. This creates challenges for use of intraoperative EEG monitoring, because computational approaches mostly limited spectral analyses different combinations responses. Thus, testing many is needed generate accurate, protocol independent analyses. Additionally, most studies develop new take place young, healthy adults electrophysiological responses anesthetics vary widely at extremes age, due physiological brain differences. Below, we discuss associated with biomarker identification depth based diversity We suggest that by focusing generalized effects network activity, can create paths improved universal